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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク France–Africa relations ： ウィキペディア英語版 France–Africa relations France–Africa relations cover a period of several centuries, starting around in the Middle Ages, and have been very influential to both regions. ==First exchanges (8th century)== (詳細はSpain by the Berber Commander Tariq ibn Ziyad in 711, during the 8th century Arab and Berber armies invaded Southern France, as far as Poitiers and the Rhône valley as far as Avignon, Lyon, Autun, until the turning point of the Battle of Tours in 732.〔(''Tricolor and crescent: France and the Islamic world'' by William E. Watson p.1 )〕 Cultural exchanges followed. In the 10th century, the French monk Gerbert d'Aurillac, who became the first French Pope Sylvester II in 999, traveled to Spain to learn about Islamic culture, and may even have studied at the University of Al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco.〔(''The Champions of Change'' Dr. Allah Bakhsh Malik p.29''ff'' )〕 France would become again threatened by the proximity of the expanding Moroccan Almoravid Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries.〔(''Reconquest and crusade in medieval Spain'' by Joseph F. O'Callaghan p.31 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「France–Africa relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.